Stud and rafter



ug. 4,1936. A. RAFTER 2,949,925

STUD AND RAFTER Filed Oct. 22, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l A. RAFTER STUD AND RAFTER Filed oct'. 22, 1935 Aug. 4, i935.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 TTORNEY" 5 Patented Aug. 4, 1936 .UNITE-D Asrfrafer-skis STUDI AND, RAFTER Albert Rafter, Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor to Rafter. Machine Company, Belleville, N. J., a partnership composed of Albert Rafter and John C. Rafter, Jr.

- .pplication October 22, 1935, Serial No..46,1079

9 Claims.

.This invention relates to improvements in studs and rafters and theylike 'foruse -in building" construction, and morev particularly toY such studs and Arafters which'comprisea combination of me- 55 .tallic members in a cementitious material.

, InV building construction, it has heretofore been `the practice touse studs, rafters and beams made of steel because of itsigreat strength and fire resistingv qualities. However, insofar as lire resist- :l ancelsisn concerned thel steel beam is not as-effec- -tiveas `is'genera'lly believed,'for steel is afgood fconductor of heat, and inithe'presence of intense wheat, ther strengthof the steel member is consid- .erablydecreased which results in `manyinstances l5 ,in a complete collapse `of ,a building due to :buck- Ling, bending and other failuresLof the steel memers.

There also has been vused in the construction of small buildings, rafters and studscomprising a ,20 cementitious material inserted into a steel casing vformed from sheet metal of such thickness as to enable nails and screws toi be driven therethrough. Suchstuds andrafters havey been foundv desirable .in that' they are' light and can be sawedzthrough 125 in the same manner as wood and oler an advantageous substitutefor Wood in the construction of buildings. However, cementitious'studs and rafters asheretofore'used have been` found :objectionable in that when stress is applied tothe ."30 ,:memb er, themetalbeginsto distort before the cementitious material; causing the latter to bow outwardly and. subsequently to crumble, thereby :igreatly depreciating lthey value of the cementitious building member. `Also,it hasv beennecessary to 1.35 insert thecementitious'material into the metal fOwcased ina metal'ca'sing, the latter being formed 'and' arranged in; a manner to` enable quickfdrying of the cementitious material:r and to provide an- '.choring `means which prevents independent disu.tortionfof `rthe metal partsand the cementitious ;5.5-.i;material, therebyeliminating the Vpossibilities of (Cl. 'l2-60) crumbling-- of the cementitious rmaterial when stresses are applied to the member.

Theseand other advantageous objects, which willlater appear, are accomplished by the simple yandlpractical construction and arrangement of g parts hereinafter described and exhibited in the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and inwhich:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view partly in. section of the metal member used in constructing a stud or rafter in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 2 is a perspective View in section of a stud or rafter embodying my invention, Y

Fig.-3 is a sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a modified form of the invention in which the metal casing for the building.V member is made in one piece,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view in section of a further modication of the invention, :.20

Fig. 6 is a `perspective viewshowing afurther 1 modification,

Fig. y'7 is a perspective. view in section showing fragments of the metal member used in the form shown in Fig. 5,

Fig. 8 showsa modified form of casingwhich is Vmade from a single blank, Y

Fig. 9 is a perspective view in section of a further modification, and

Fig. V10 is a perspective view in section of algo further modification.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the building stud v.or rafter is shownto comprise a pair of metal members, each of which has a web IIJ having a plurality of spaced apertures II surrounded by cylindrical vinwardly-directed flanges I2 integral 'with said'webs. As shownin Fig. 1, the web Il) is directed outwardly at each edgev toprovide ledges I3 whichA have portions Ill` substantially parallel with the web I0, said portions I4 being provided 40 with inwardly 'directed Aflanges I5 at right angles thereto, which` in-turn have Ainwardly directed flangesv Ilat an acute angle thereto.

Each stud or rafter comprises two metal members as shown in Fig.- 1, and. the two members are joined togetherV by telescoping ythe cylindrical y flangesl I2 of one memberinto the cylindrical flanges of the othergmemberzas shown in Fig. 2 to provide a substantially I beam construction as shown in' Fig. 3. After the members rhave been 50 joined together to :form the I beam construction, cementitious material is poured. between the members,- and `due to thespacing of the` anges 'I5 of adjacent members, a large area is available .1 $0.1A allowngthe cementitious material to quicklyv dry. Heretofore in beams of this type, there was only available the areas at the ends of the beam or stud which was an insucient area to cause complete drying of the Cementitious material.

It will be seen that the Cementitious material is permanently anchored to the metal members so that the material moves therewith. When a force is applied on the anges I5 the flanges will bend downwardly and due to the anchoring of the Cementitious material by the cylindrical flanges I2, the cementitious material will move with the metal members to thereby eliminate the possibility of crumbling as heretofore has been the case in building members of this type.

In Fig. 4 there is shown a stud or rafter in which the metal casing is formed into an I shape from a single blank of metal; the casing is shown to comprise spaced websV I1 which are outwardly directed at the bottom edges thereof to provide ledges I8 having downwardly directed flanges I9, which are integral with the bottom member 2B. outwardly directed at 2I and then upwardly directed at 22, the latter parts having inwardly directed flanges 23, provided with downwardly and inwardly directed flanges 24.

The structure shown in Fig. 4 is substantially the same as that described in Figs. l, 2 and 3, with the exception that the metal casing is made from a single blank of metal instead of two parts as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3.

In Fig. 5 is shown a modified form of the invention in which the casing is'made of two parts. One member of the casing comprises a web 25 which is outwardly directed at each edge thereof to provide ledges 26 which in turn have flanges 21 parallel to the web 25said flanges being integral with right-angularly directed portions 28, each of which has an inwardly directed flange 29, which in turn has a right angularly directed portion 30 bent back upon itself at 3l. The web 25 is provided with aV plurality of spacedapertures, each of which is surrounded by an inwardly directed cylindrical flange 32 integral with the web V25. Cementitious materialV is poured into the above described member after which it is covered by a member having a web 33 and outwardly directed portions 34 at each end thereof, which portions are integral withportions 35 parallel to the web, the latter portions having inwardly directed flanges 36 which in turn are provided with downwardly directed flanges 3l engaging the edge of the portions 3|, thereby securely locking the cover member to the member carrying the Cementitious material.

The cover member is provided with a plurality of spaced apertures alo-ng the center line thereof, each of whichY is surrounded by an inwardly directed cylindrical flange 38 integral with the web 33. The flanges 38 are of less diameter than the flanges 32 so that the Cementitious material is packed between them. In the completed beam, the cementitious material is allowed to remain in vthe apertures, if desired, however, should it be necessary for the purpose Vof passing wires or other instrumentalities through the beam, the Cementitious material can be readily knocked'out of the aperture without affecting the strength of the beam.

In Fig. 7 there is shown in detail the manner in whichparts of the metal casing are formed to enable them to be locked together.

In Fig.6 there is shown a further modification in which a casing is formed from a single blank of material to provide a web having side walls The upper edges of the web Il are Y cover 41 having sides 48 and inturned llanges 49 which engage portions 46. n

In Fig, 8 is shown a beam in which the casing is formed fromra single blank of metal bent into an I shape in cross section, and having webs 50 and 5I provided with a plurality of spaced apertures, surrounded by cylindrical inwardly directed flanges 52 and 53, which flanges are spaced from each other as explained in connection with Fig. 5. The spacing of the cylindrical flanges from each other allows a considerable `area to enable rapid and complete drying of the Cementitious materialin the casing.

In Fig. 9 is shown a further modification in which a web 60 is provided with a plurality of spaced aperturessurrounded by cylindrical, inwardly directed flanges 6I integral with the web 66, said web having its upper and lower edges turned outwardly to provide ledges 62 which are integral with side walls 63 paralleltothe web 60,

said side walls being attached to upper walls 64 and bottom walls 65, each of which has'inturned flanges 66 provided'with right angular portions 61 which are bent back upon itself at' 68. Cementitious material is poured into the casing thus `formed and there is thereby provided.A a beam of C shape in cross section.

There is then-attached to the casing a side cover having a web `BB-provided with a plurality'ef spaced apertures, each of which Vis surrounded by an inwardly Y directed cylindrical flange 10 integral with the web 69, said web having atY each edge'thereof an inturned ange II Vprovided with a Vdownturned portion 'I2 engaging the portion 68 to secure the cove'rV to the casing.' Y Y From the above description it will be seen that there has been provided a building member 'of Cementitious type which can be used as a beam, stud or rafter, which building member has a metal casing so constructed as to enable the rapid drying of Cementitious material and preventing relative movement between the Cementitious material and theV metal parts when forces are applied to the building member. By providing a plurality of spaced apertures along the longitudinal center lines of the webs, and surrounding said apertures with cylindrical flanges integral with the web, theweight of the beam is decreased, at the same time materially increasing the strength thereof by providing more metal at Ya case when the flanges abut each other they can' be permanently secured together by means of welding or the'like. v Y

While I have described the metal casing as being filled with a cementitious material, an effective beam can also be made by lling the casing with compressed paper, wall board, wood or the like.

The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive and illustrative only, and not as restrictive or limitative of the invention, of which obviously an embodiment may be constructed including many modications, without departing from the general scope herein indicated and denoted in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. In a structural member for building construction, a metal casing having a pair of spaced walls provided with a plurality of spaced apertures, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said walls, the anges on one wall being positioned within the flanges on the other wall, and cementitious material packed in the casing and surrounding said flanges.

2. In a structural member for building construction, a metal casing of substantially I shape cross section, the web of said I shaped casing comprising a pair of spaced walls having a plurality of spaced apertures along the longitudinal center line thereof, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges integral with said walls and surrounding said apertures, the flanges on onev wall telescoping in the iianges of the other wall, and cementitious material packed in the' casing and around said flanges.

3. In a structural member for building construction, a metal casing of substantially I shape cross section, said casing being formed from a pair of spaced metal plateshaving a plurality of spaced apertures along the longitudinal center line thereof, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said plates, the flanges on one plate being telescopically fitted within the anges of theother plate to join the plates together, the longitudinal edges of the plates having inwardly directed anges spaced from each other, and cementitious material packed between said plates and around the cylindrical ilanges.

4. In a structural member for building construction, a casing formed from a single sheet of cross section having a web formed from a pair of spaced plates provided with a plurality oi spaced apertures along the longitudinal center line thereof, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said plates, the cylindrical flanges on one plate lying within and spaced from the cylindrical anges on the other plate, and cementitious material packed in the casing and in said apertures and surrounding said cylindrical flanges.

6. In a structural member for building con struction, a metal casing having a pair of spaced metal plates provided with a plurality of spaced apertures along the longitudinal center line thereof, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with'said plates, the ianges on one plate being telescopica]- ly tted within and attached to the flanges of the other plate to join the plates together, and cementitious material packed within said plates.

7. In a structural member for building construction, a metal casing having a pair of spaced walls provided with a plurality of spaced apertures, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said walls, the flanges on one wall engaging the flanges on the other wall, and cementitious material packed in the casing and surrounding said flanges.

8. In a structural member for building construction, a metal casing having a pair of spaced walls provided with a plurality of spaced apertures, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said walls, the ilanges on one wall being positioned within the flanges on the other wall, the longitudinal edges of said walls being provided with inwardly directed flanges at right angles thereto, said last mentioned flanges being provided with means for interlocking said walls, and cementitious material packed between said walls and around the cylindrical flanges.

9. In a structural member for building con-Vv pair of spaced metal plates having a plurality of spaced apertures along the longitudinal center line thereof, inwardly directed cylindrical flanges surrounding said apertures and integral with said plates, the flanges on one plate being telescopically fitted within the flanges of the other plate to join the plates together, the longitudinal edges of the plates having inwardly directed flanges spaced from each other, and cementitious material packed between said plates and around the cylindrical flanges, said inwardly directed flanges having portions thereof extending into said cementitious material.

ALBERT RAFTER. 

